منابع مشابه
S1 Constrains S4 in the Voltage Sensor Domain of Kv7.1 K+ Channels
Voltage-gated K(+) channels comprise a central pore enclosed by four voltage-sensing domains (VSDs). While movement of the S4 helix is known to couple to channel gate opening and closing, the nature of S4 motion is unclear. Here, we substituted S4 residues of Kv7.1 channels by cysteine and recorded whole-cell mutant channel currents in Xenopus oocytes using the two-electrode voltage-clamp techn...
متن کاملRole of Charged Residues in the S1–S4 Voltage Sensor of BK Channels
The activation of large conductance Ca(2+)-activated (BK) potassium channels is weakly voltage dependent compared to Shaker and other voltage-gated K(+) (K(V)) channels. Yet BK and K(V) channels share many conserved charged residues in transmembrane segments S1-S4. We mutated these residues individually in mSlo1 BK channels to determine their role in voltage gating, and characterized the voltag...
متن کاملFunctional interaction between S1 and S4 segments in voltage-gated sodium channels revealed by human channelopathies
The p.I141V mutation of the voltage-gated sodium channel is associated with several clinical hyper-excitability phenotypes. To understand the structural bases of the p.I141V biophysical alterations, molecular dynamics simulations were performed. These simulations predicted that the p.I141V substitution induces the formation of a hydrogen bond between the Y168 residue of the S2 segment and the R...
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A knot is an embedding of a circle into three-dimensional space. We say that a knot is unknotted if there is an ambient isotopy of the embedding to a standard circle. In essence, an unknot is a knot that may be deformed to a standard circle without passing through itself. By representing knots via planar diagrams, we discuss the problem of unknotting a knot diagram when we know that it is unkno...
متن کاملUnknotting Genus One Knots
There is no known algorithm for determining whether a knot has unknotting number one, practical or otherwise. Indeed, there are many explicit knots (11328 for example) that are conjectured to have unknotting number two, but for which no proof of this fact is currently available. For many years, the knot 810 was in this class, but a celebrated application of Heegaard Floer homology by Ozsváth an...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society
سال: 1963
ISSN: 0002-9904
DOI: 10.1090/s0002-9904-1963-10873-3